A glossary of leather terms
01, Kangaroo skin
Produced in Australia, the basal fibrous tissue is compact, and the cortex is flexible, strong, and can be made into various light leathers.
02, dry skin
Spread fresh skin on the ground for drying or shading. Synonym: sweet dry plate.
03, frozen fresh skin
Fresh skins that have been cryopreserved. Synonym: frozen plate skin.
04, seal skin
It is generally applicable to leather clothing and leather shoes. In recent years, blind hunting of seals has been necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to take more protection measures to reduce the hunting of seals.
05, deerskin
Including the skin of deer or wild deer. Closer to deer is suede or yellow suede, moose (moose, brown horns deer), and reindeer skin. Its skin is thicker than goat skin, and its fibrous tissue is tighter Really meticulous.
06.Donkey skin and mule skin
The skins removed from donkeys and mules are similar to horse skins.
07, Mapi
Including the skin of various horses, the fibrous tissue of the horse's predecessor is relatively loose, and the hips of the hind body have two pieces of fetal skin, the fibrous tissue is very tight and the abrasion resistance is great.
08, yak leather
The fur is thick and has less fat, and the fibrous tissue is looser than yellow leather, but tighter than buffalo leather.
09. Lambskin; Lambskin
Lambskin, woolen lambskin can be used as winter clothing after tanning; depilated lambskin can be used as shoe lining after tanning; young sheep's skin.
10.Sheepskin
Its characteristics are dense coat, large fat content in the skin, loose fibrous tissue, and soft leather, which can be used for making fur and light leather.
11, cowhide
It is an important class of leather raw materials, including many varieties, mainly yellow leather (including different hair colors), followed by buffalo and yak leather. Cowhide can be used for pharmaceuticals and has a wide range of applications.
12, yak
    A yak is a cross between a male yak and a female yak. ​​Its skin is called yak and its fiber tissue density is between the two. It is produced in northwest and southwestern China.
13, goatskin
    The skin is thin, the fiber structure is firmer than sheep skin, and the leather grain is fine. It can make all kinds of light leather, especially clothing leather and glove leather.
14. Disability skin
    A general term for injured or incomplete skin. Synonym: residual skin.
15.Scars
    The traces left on the skin of the animal after all kinds of injuries were healed during its survival.
16.Snake and Python
    Including wild and farmed, can be tanned and used as a ticket holder or shoe upper. The rawhide can be made into leather for musical instruments after special treatment, which is used for moon piano and tambourine.
17, buffalo
    The skin is characterized by sparse coats, coarser grains, larger skins than yellow leather, and thicker and heavier skins, but the fiber tissue is looser and less elastic.
18.Sheepskin
    Including goatskin and sheepskin.
19.Fish skin
    It has been used for tanning with eel skin (anguilla), shark skin (pescecane), salmon skin (salnone), etc. After scale processing, it can be used to make shoe uppers or leather pieces with unique patterns.
20.Pigskin
    It is an important class of leather raw materials. It is characterized by large pores, rough surface, insufficient uniform structure of the skin, and large differences in parts. Pig leather is tough and can be used for all types of leather, and is widely used.

21.Half-leather
    Two half-length leather men formed by splitting along the middle of the leather sheet, including the inner part of the neck and shoulders.
22. Half-sheet leather; abdomen
    Half of the entire leather is cut along the spine; it includes the abdomen of the leather or leather and the upper part of the front and rear legs, including the abdominal ridge.
23.Bag leather
    Leather for bags, handbags, soft bags, borsa porta-documenti.
24.aniline leather
    Leather dyed with aniline dyes and unpainted.
25.Woven leather
    The leather strips are woven into sheet leather with different patterns, which are used as shoe uppers and leather goods.
26. Wiping leather
    An oil-tanned leather, used to wipe all kinds of glass, glass instruments and optical instrument lenses.
27.Lining leather
    Used as leather lining for leather shoes and other leather goods. Synonym: Calig.
28. Leather
    Finished leather. Can be sold as a finished product.
29, rubbing leather
    Manually rub leather boards or machines to rub different patterns of leather on the grain surface. Synonym: rubbed leather.
30.Polished leather
    Polished by a lighter to make the grain surface highly shiny and smooth leather.
31. Polished goat leather; goat leather
    A chrome-tanned goat leather for the upper. It has a smooth grain and a high-gloss appearance. It is made of goat leather and is often used in high-end women's shoes.
32.Leather leather
    It is tanned leather with inte

As a common product of our gifts, leather goods products, we need to understand his relevant knowledge, which plays an important reuse for our communication with customers. Dongguan Leather Goods Factory
    First classification: leather goods are usually divided into two categories: large items and small items. Large-sized products usually refer to: trolley cases, briefcases, computer bags, Japanese bags, clip bags, clutch bags, women's bags, etc .; small-sized products usually refer to: suit bags, corporate bags, horizontal bags, key bags , Business card bags, belts, ID bags, passport bags, and leather gift boxes. Leather products that are relatively rare are: leather notebook cases, hotel menus, menu clips, real estate leather cases and other products.
    Classification of leather: cowhide, sheepskin, pigskin, donkey skin, horse skin. Among them, cowhide and sheepskin and pigskin are more used. Sheepskin is relatively soft and easily damaged. Generally, it is rarely used on large products, but some women's bags will use sheepskin. He uses it more on gloves. Pigskin is relatively rough, so it is generally used for matching bottoms. For example, some wallets use pigskin instead of lining. In addition, it is used more on shoes. The leather leather has good toughness and sufficient fineness, and it is widely used. The above products can be made of leather.
    Classification of the cortex: Generally divided into the first layer, second layer, and regenerated skin. The first layer and second layer are widely used, and the reclaimed leather is generally used on low-end products, mainly on the belt.
The classification of imitation leather: PU, PVC, artificial leather, etc., because of its relatively cheap price, are mostly used to resist the production of products.
    Leather gift box accessories: suit bag, horizontal bag, body bag, key bag, business card bag, belt, tie, tie clip, lighter, pen, watch, etc. Any combination, we usually sell gift boxes are two-piece , 3 piece set, 4 piece set mainly, this is because of the limitation of the packaging box, and his practicality, price and other factors control.

Perfect leather products are no longer just an option, they can also have their own unique style. When unique design meets luxurious materials and can also blend into one's own ingenuity, that is the perfect expression of uniqueness! Today, luxury brands have also developed “private customization” services for noble leather goods. For example, Gucci has launched special customization of classic style leather goods. All customized products can be carefully discussed and designed by both parties.

Of course, custom leather goods can not be separated from the luxurious matching of rare leather species. At the "GUCCI Rare Leather Species Appreciation Meeting" held in GUCCI hall of Metro Department Store, there will be a limit of 100 pieces of rare leather species such as crocodile skin, python skin, ostrich skin Edition of goods on display. The unique classic custom series and noble rare leather display perfectly interpret the classic legend that combines traditional Florence craftsmanship and the ideals of elegant nobility.

Noble and elegant crocodile skin

Noble and elegant brown with crocodile leather of extraordinary quality, the generous and simple design can show the extraordinary taste of men in a quiet way. The wise and quiet color with high-quality crocodile leather material is the best choice for classic items with taste and high practicality.

The colorful accessories are originally wonderful things. They can decorate the shape and stir up the dreams in the heart, which makes people expect. Alligator leather accessories make this summer even more colorful.

Soft and comfortable ostrich skin

The woman's wisdom is not about winning. If she can be restrained, elegant and independent, she can look dignified. The versatile blue bamboo ostrich leather bag has the capacity to accommodate other colors, but also displays its own quiet and elegant temperament.

GUCCI Lemon Yellow Handbag is made of rare ostrich leather. Its versatile bag design starts from a bamboo handle full of oriental charm, combined with a light and youthful lemon yellow tone, which reduces the formal sense and makes weekday collocation easier freely.

Natural wild python skin

The natural python pattern and exquisite craftsmanship are perfectly combined, and the casual outfit can easily have the most unique temperament. The handbag features natural wild python skin pattern, exuding an irresistible charm.

Customized notepads generally use PVC, PU, ​​artificial leather, leather, Italian imported discolored leather, medium and high-end hardcover leather. For notepad customization, how to choose the appropriate materials to make notepads is very important. So how can we choose the most suitable material?

First we have to learn to identify materials. When identifying, first check the materials to determine the type of leather. If the "dermis" grain layer is not modified and has the original natural characteristics: the leather pores are small, irregular and uniform; the rows of goat skin pores are "tile"; the pigskin has three holes , Showing the word distribution.

The calf leather has fine fibers, the buffalo leather is rough, and the pores are large. For the grain layer that has lost its original characteristics after modification, it should be carefully classified and identified according to the processing technology. It is called aniline leather coated with aniline, which is characterized by a shiny surface, very bright, non-glare, and no plastic. Natural leather is cooked into leather. The cowhide is generally 5-6mm thick. The surface layer is a grain layer. The tissue fibers are fine and tight, smooth and beautiful, and the strength and abrasion resistance are good. There are fluff on the surface. The top leather is smoother and flatter than the second leather, and the second leather is slightly rougher. The surface of two-layer leather can be roughened by coating, transfer film or film, but transfer film leather has poor low temperature resistance, and wrinkles easily occur at low temperature. The cowhide two-layer leather is flat and has no obvious defects after embossing, while the pigskin two-layer leather often has three piles of pores faintly visible, where the gloss is dull. Note that when distinguishing between nubuck leather and front leather, the nubuck leather destroys the original grain layer and then presses the pattern. The type of pattern can imitate cattle, sheep, pigskin, etc., but the pattern has no pores and the pattern is floating On the surface of the skin, the front pores of the leather are present, which can be identified by careful observation.

Artificial leather is coated with a layer of organic material on the cloth base, and it is divided into thin (imitation sheepskin) and thick (coated with foamed organic material, and then pressed on the pattern). Synthetic leather is made by pressing with organic fibers and adding lamination. Recycled leather is made by grinding the dregs and fibers, and bonding them with a high-pressure adhesive to form a sheet. Then the sheet is machined to the required thickness and then coated to make it have certain leather characteristics. It is widely used in luggage. Leather goods, a small amount used to make shoes. Look at the appearance when distinguishing between genuine leather and artificial materials. Genuine leather has no substrate, and artificial materials have a substrate. Touch it again with your hand. The artificial material has a very strong plastic feel and bright luster. It feels cold and cold in the winter, and smooth leather without the cold. Using the thumb to press the softer part of the finished product, there will be many small, uniform patterns on the dermis around the thumb. The thumb is lifted, and the pattern disappears; while artificial materials may not have a pattern, or rough lines may appear. When the thumb is lifted, the pattern does not disappear. , Indicating that the grain layer on the surface of the material and the underlying network layer have been separated. You can also distinguish the dermis or artificial leather by observing the cross section. The cross section of the dermis is composed of irregular fibers. After scraping the broken fibers with your fingernails, the cross section has no obvious change. For the dermis, the different parts + texture are irregular, and the nose smells with a foul smell. Artificial leather smells plastic or rubber, and the texture of each part is consistent. Foil leather is an artificial surface layer on the loose flesh fiber layer under the natural leather. It can not be called "dermis", but a synthetic leather with a natural leather inner layer as the base.

In summary, it can be viewed from the following aspects: A. Look. Look at the appearance first, the leather has no foundation, the artificial material has a foundation; the leather has small pores, and the imitation leather does not. B. touch. Touch it again with your hand. The artificial material has a very strong plastic feel and bright luster. It feels cold and cold in the winter, and smooth leather without the cold. C. smell. The genuine leather smells of animal fat (ie, the smell of the skin), while the imitation leather smells of plastic. D. Pressure. With the thumb pressing the soft part of the finished product, there will be many small, uniform patterns on the dermis around the thumb. When the thumb is lifted, the

Daqin customizes gift notepad decoration and notepad production standards for enterprises

I. Decoration: Does the design meet the intent of Notepad

2. Layout Design:

1) Whether the size of the cover, inner pages and pictures of the notepad are coordinated; whether the design style runs through the notepad, including whether the title page and appendix are easy to read and write, and whether they are compatible with the inner page Relationship between the left and right sides, or only the left side, etc.)

2) Does the design of the entire interior page fit the overall style of Notepad?

3) How is the implementation of the design plan (technical difficulty, production cost, whether the material is suitable)

4) Whether the layout of the layout is clear, appropriate, and consistent with the purpose (eye-catching writing)

3. Art Design:

1) Whether the cover design and inner page design meet the image and requirements of the entire company, and whether the ridge position is correct

2) Whether the cover design and inner page design are combined in the overall plan (such as text, color)

3) Whether the materials selected for the cover are reasonable

4) Is the cover design suitable for the technical requirements of book binding (for example: the connection between the cover and the spine, the crease of a paperback book, and the groove of a hardcover book, etc.)

5) Are the pictures (photos, illustrations, technical illustrations, decorations, etc.) combined in the basic plan, and whether they meet the requirements of the book?

6) Technology: whether the layout is balanced (is the kerning too wide or too narrow)

There are two commonly used gifts such as notebooks and notepads whose main function is to write records. The quality of notepad papers has become a particular concern for custom customers. For customers lacking paper-related expertise, Huaben Stationery, which specializes in the production and sales of notebooks and notepads, briefly explains the problems that you often encounter.

       1. Paper quality

        The papers commonly used in Huaben stationery are beige and beige dowlin paper; pure white wood pulp paper; copperplate paper; butter paper, etc. The quality of these papers is of the highest quality among similar papers, and special recycled wood pulp is used. It is produced without acid, with a slight coating on the surface, with a natural texture, and delicate hand feeling. The printing inks are naturally bright, the colors are vivid, high-definition, have a strong three-dimensional sense, and are inexpensive!

       2.Thickness of paper

       There are three thicknesses of Huaben stationery paper, 80 grams, 100 grams and 120 grams. Grams represent the density of the paper. 80 grams of paper is slightly thinner than 100 grams of paper, which is about the same thickness as our usual writing paper. Both types of paper can be used for inner pages, the difference is that 80 grams of paper, because it is thinner, the brush strokes will be softer, and the writing will feel more comfortable. And 100 grams of paper is a bit stiffer, and writing is not as good as 80 grams, but it looks high-grade and has its own advantages.

       3.Color of paper

        Off-white and off-white Dowling paper has a very soft color. It is the first choice of inner pages for those who like to write. Pure white paper, white has a stimulating effect on the human eye under strong light. Looking at white paper for a long time will cause eye fatigue and tears;

        4, paper fluency



       The smoothness of paper writing is very important, which is very important to the paper making process (gluing). The surface of a good paper must be smooth and flat, and the writing is smooth. Low-quality paper with astringent writing and more noise on the paper.

The company's customized notepad has higher requirements for the cover, and the appearance is the first feeling to attract customers. Therefore, the design of the skin cover of the notepad is very important. Li Qi's 17 years of professional customization experience share a few points:


1. The color is generally selected according to the type of the company, the age, preferences, etc. of the targeted customer group; for example, the cover is black or brown as the cover. Generally applicable to administrative units, banks and other office crowds.

2, the choice of style, in fact, have to choose according to the industry, most industries are more suitable for some simple, classic and generous, reflecting the style of details.

3. The logo design of the cover of the gift notebook should be coordinated with the cover of the entire notebook; it adopts techniques such as hot stamping, hot stamping, and embossing.

4. Matching of gift notepad. Of course, as a gift notepad, it is best to give customers a high-end signature pen and gift box, so that the overall feeling will be more high-end and customers will like it more.

5. As a gift notebook, it can also be designed according to some current popular elements or styles that match the company. For example, the popular Chinese style, international fashion style, etc. are very important for the cover of a notebook.

1. The cover is printed with DL OGO and text: you can choose hot stamping, hot stamping, embossing, color silk printing and other processes.
2. Inner page plus insert page: You can choose monochrome printing or color printing.
3. Add L OGO or text on the inner page: Add L OGO or text on each page of the existing style inner page.
4.Inner page of exclusive layout: According to customer requirements, print the inner page in the format designed by the customer, and print the exclusive weekly calendar page and exclusive day
Calendar page, sales management page, success log page and more!

Relevant experts predict that as late as the 1930s, Asia, especially China, will replace Europe as the world's leather production and trade center.

   At present, China has become a world-recognized leather producing country. Under the premise of complying with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and China's "Wildlife Protection Law", China's leather industry has three major characteristics: first, raw material resources, Product output and import and export trade are among the best in the world. According to the China Leather Industry Association, China currently ranks first in the world for raw materials for pigskin and sheepskin, and third in the world for cowhide. Second is the large output. China's output of more than 400 million square meters per young leather ranks first in the world, accounting for more than 20% of the world's total output; footwear output of more than 5 billion pairs also ranks first in the world; comprehensive output of leather goods also ranks first in the world. The third is the large export value. In 2001, China's major leather industry exports were 12.48 billion US dollars, ranking first in the world.

   As the Chinese leather industry, including the shoe industry, is undergoing industrial upgrading. In the near future, China will undoubtedly become the world's largest, most active and most-watched leather market.

One: History of Leather

More than 5,000 years ago, people first used leather to protect themselves from the wind and cold, and then used leather as a noble gift. By the Zhou Dynasty (more than 1,000 BC), people had initially mastered tanning in long-term practice. The tanning technology formed the original tanning industry. In the mid-nineteenth century, the discovery and application of the chrome leather softening method greatly accelerated the development of the tanning industry, and gradually led the tanning production to a scientific track. At the beginning of the century, with the successful development of various tanning chemicals, the tanning industry has developed rapidly. Many countries have gradually formed larger tanning industry systems, and the tanning industry has also transitioned from the original pure manual operation to Semi-mechanized and mechanized production.

Daqin Leather believes that quality is the foundation of an enterprise, and integrity is the basis of survival!
Daqin Leather has been talking with facts, good products and good services!

       

 Two: Leather classification and processing technology:

(Brief description 1. natural leather. 2. synthetic leather. 3. textile materials)

Leather is generally divided from texture: 1. Natural leather. 2. Synthetic leather. 3. Textile materials

1. Artificial leather is divided into artificial foam leather and synthetic leather.

①, artificial foam leather is mainly made of polyurethane, woolen cloth, polyurethane and other resins as coatings and cloth as the base material. It is characterized by air tightness and is mainly used in the manufacture of handbags and belts

② The surface of synthetic leather is mainly polyurethane, and the base material is non-woven fabric made of polyester, cotton, polypropylene and other synthetic fibers.

(1) Synthetic leather.

The surface is smooth, the thickness is wide, and the color and strength are uniform. It is superior to natural leather in water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and microorganisms. But it is not resistant to high temperature, high cold, and easy to age.

(2) Artificial leather.

It is made of plain cloth, canvas, rat-weave cloth, recycled cloth, fiber knitted cloth, etc., and then finished with different finishing materials.

Commonly used: PVC artificial leather, PVC foam leather, etc.

(3) Textile materials.

There are fine canvas, cotton-vinyl blend fabric, vinylon cloth, plain weave, imitation cashmere, etc.

2. Animal leather is a kind of natural leather, that is, the dermis that we often say. It is a fixed and durable substance transformed by animals (raw hides) through a series of physical and chemical processing. It has the properties of softness, toughness, resistance to deformation when exposed to water, dryness and shrink resistance, heat and humidity resistance, chemical resistance, etc. It has special advantages such as good air permeability and anti-aging.

        The processing of animal leather is very complicated, and it takes dozens of steps to make finished leather: raw leather ---- soaked in water ---- demeated ---- degreased ---- dehaired ---- soaked in alkali-- -Expansion ---- deliming ---- softening ---- acid picking ---- tanning ---- slicing ---- shaving ---- retanning ---- neutralization-- -Dyeing and refueling-filling-drying-finishing-finishing-finished leather.

        There are also many types of animal leather. According to the materials, it is generally divided into sheep leather, cow leather, horse leather, snake leather, pig leather and crocodile leather. According to performance, it can be divided into two-layer leather, full-grain leather, and suede. , Modified leather, film leather, compound leather, decorative split leather, etc.

        Two-layer leather refers to the crushed leather is pressed by chemical and physical methods in leather processing. This type of leather is relatively hard, easily broken, and not sufficiently stretched.

        Full grain leather: refers to the leather that retains and uses the original surface (growth or scale side) of animal skin, called front leather. Full-grain surfaces are rarely used without finishing, and most of them are beautified and painted, such as embossing. The raw materials used for full-grain leather require high-grade raw materials with disability and processing requirements, which are high-grade. Leather, and the surface of the leather remains intact in the leather and leather, its fastness is good, the surface of the full-grain leather is not painted or painted and is very thin, maintaining the softness and elasticity of the leather and good air permeability, and its finished products Comfortable, durable and beautiful.

        Suede: refers to the leather with a fleece surface, which is made by grinding the front side of the leather (the side that grows hair or scales), and is called nubuck. The two-layer suede leather is called two-layer velvet. Because suede has no coating